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Twelve
AMERICAN CINEMATOGRAPHER
January, 1925
When droplets of water come into contact with motion-picture film either before or after the film is exposed and previous to development, spots are formed which later appear as objectionable defects on the film. Markings are also apt to be produced if all superfluous moisture is not removed from the film before drying or if the rate of drying is changed during the progress of drying. Moisture spots are always produced on the emulsion side of motion picture film and never on the base side, since the film is resistant to moisture.
To date, little has been known regarding the various factors which affect the nature of the markings produced in the above manner. This work was undertaken in order to study these factors, and prepare a classified index of the various markings which would serve as a source of reference for the identification of spots and markings of unknown origin.
Water markings may be of the following types :
A. Markings produced previous to develop
ment and caused by:
1. Water accidentally touching the film.
2. Condensation of water vapor from hu
mid atmospheres. B. Markings produced after development and fixation and caused by: Abnormal drying conditions. Factors Influencing the Formation of Moisture Markings
1. Markings Produced Previous to Development By Drops of Water.
Experimental Procedure. — Three emulsions were used in the tests; Eastman Motion Pic I ture Negative (no backing), Eastman Super ] speed Motion Picture Negative (no backing), and Eastman Regular Motion Picture Negative film. The normal treatment consisted in either (a) spraying the emulsion side of the film with a small hand atomizer which deliv ' ered a fine spray evenly distributed over the area toward which it was directed or (b) covering the emulsion side with a layer of moist cheese-cloth for two minutes so as to produce