American cinematographer (Feb-Dec 1929)
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Forty-four
AMERICAN CINEMATOGRAPHER
June, 1929
Table 3
No.
Color
i/lsual
Photographic
Reflecting Power
Rv
He
5-1
2-1
1-1
Ne.
Tungsten
71
Spectrum Red
8.0
1
.5
3.0
7
.8
14
.0
35.0
20.0
72
Vermillion
14
.0
5
.2
6.5
12
0
19
.0
24.0
22 .0
59
Vermillion Orange
22
.0
6
.0
8.5
14
0
29
.0
43.0
28.0
58
Cadmium Ort>nge
23
.0
6
5
7.8
16
.0
25
.0
46.0
25.0
49
Cadmium Yellow
56
.0
8
.5
11.0
21
.0
29
.0
54 .0
30.0
51
Spectrum Yellow
40
0
8
.0
10.0
14
.0
28
.0
4 5 .0
31.0
19
Chrome Yellow DO
£3
0
7
.0
7.8
15
0
25
.0
35.0
26.0
18
Chrome Yellow Orange
31
0
9
0
9.8
19
.0
31
0
48.0
30.0
16T
Chrome Yellow lemon, 50
51
0
13
0
16.0
22
.0
35
.0
48.0
36.0
107
Apple Oreen
58
.0
12
.0
14 .0
17
0
29
.0
35.0
26.0
109
Emerald Green
31
.0
12
.0
13.0
IS
.0
IS
.0
16.0
23.0
61
Cobalt Green
17
0
11
.0
9.0
12
.0
13
.0
10.0
16.0
60J
Virldian, 50
16
0
20
0
18 ,0
14
0
13
.0
12.0
14 .0
SOW
Cobalt Blue, 25
24
0
50
.0
45.0
58
0
30
0
20.0
40.0
82E
Prussian Blue, 25
9
0
18
.0
17.0
16
0
15
.0
15.0
13.0
830
French Ultramarine ,50
11
.0
34
.0
32 .0
59
.0
25
.0
12 .0
22 .0
30
Ultramarine Blue
6
0
18
.0
17.0
14
0
10
.0
5.0
14.0
64
Cobalt Violet
9
0
32
.0
26.0
30
.0
32
0
30.0
26.0
65B
Spectrum Violet, 12. 5
e
&
20
0
18.0
22
.0
SO
0
18.0
14.0
95L
Purple Lake, 58
8
0
14
.0
12.0
16
.0
14
0
16.0
13.0
96
Mager.ta Lake
4
e
7
.5
6.8
7
0
8
7
7.2
5.0
73A
Permanent Crimeon,50
6
6
10
.0
11.0
15
.0
16
.0
30.0
12 .0
HENRY'S
6321 Hollywood Blvd.
with that described in the communication just mentioned. The color panels were photographed under the same conditions as those used in making the pictures of the gray panels. The exposed film was given exactly the same development treatment and densities were read in the usual manner. The method of obtaining the photographic reflecting power may be illustrated by reference to Fig. 1. The density obtained from an image of one of the color samples is laid off on the density scale, for instance at point B. A horizontal line through this point cuts the characteristic curve which is established from the readings made on the gray chart at the point O. A perpendicular dropped from the point 0 to the log exposure axis determines the point C. From this value the photographic reflecting power of the color panel in question can be computed directly. The results of this work are shown in Tables III and III-A. The colors are arranged from the top downward, beginning with red and running through the spectrum to the blue. It should be remembered of course that the pigments used reflect relatively broad spectral bands and hence the arrangement shown while representing in general a systematic progression of wave-length from red to blue, can only be considered as approximating a true spectral progression.
In Table III are given the values obtained with the gaseous conductor lamps and incandescent tungsten. The values in the column designated as "visual" are the reflecting powers of the various color panels as determined under sunlight illumination. The column headings under the general title "Photographic Reflecting Power" have the following meaning:
Hg Cooper Hewitt mercury vapor lamp.
3-1 Three mercury vapor units plus one neon unit.
2-1 Two mercury vapor units plus one neon unit.
1-1 One mercury vapor unit plus one neon unit.
Ne One neon unit.
Tungsten 3000-watt Mazda lamp operating at color temperature of 3100°K.
It will be noted that the mercury vapor gives relatively low values for the red colors and very high values for the blue end of the spectrum. It appears that the combination of the two mercury vapor tubes with one neon tube is the optimum combination from the standpoint of correct rendering of tone values. The neon unit alone gives reflecting power values for the red panels which are much higher than they should be. The tungsten illumination tends to give values somewhat too high for the red panels, but gives fairly correct orthochromatic reproduction for all others.
In Table III-A are given the results obtained with the various types of arc units, the column designations having the following meaning:
HI High intensity arc.
LI Low intensity arc.
WF White flame arc.
YF Yellow flame arc.
OF Orange flame arc. RF Red flame arc.
It will be noted that the reflecting power values obtained with the high intensity arc are too high at the blue end of the spectrum and too low at the red end. Some improvement is obtained by using the low intensity arc, and even better results with the white flame arc.
Table 3a
71 Spectrum Red
72 Vermillion
59 Vermillion Or&r.fe
58 Cadmium Orange
49 Cadmium Yellow
61 Spectrum Yellow
19 Chrome Yellow DO
18 Chrome Yellow orange
16T Chrome Yellow Lemon, 60
107 Apple Green
109 Emerald Green
61 Cobalt Green 60J Virldian, 50 80"; Cobalt Blue, 25 82E Prussian Blue, 25 83G French Ultremerine ,50 30 Ultramarine Blue 64 Cobalt Violet 65B Spectrum Violet, 12. 5 95L Purple Lake, 50 96 Kapenta Lake 73A Permanent Crimson, 50
/l sual
Photographic Ref ] f-ct inu
Pov.er
Rv
H.I.
L.I.
"'.P.
Y.K.
1
O.K.
H.F.
8.0
.5
4 .0
4
.5
7
.8
1.
.0
Id
.0
14.0
7
.5
12.0
Vc
.0
14
.0
1&
.0
22
.0
£2.0
11
.0
12 .0
13
.0
17
.0
25
.0
SO
.0
23.0
8
.5
15.0
12
.0
17
.0
£ 5
.0
2B
0
36.0
12
.0
16.0
15
.0
19
.0
25
.0
5 0
.0
40.0
9
.5
10.0
13
■ 0
16
.0
23
28
.0
25.0
10
.0
15.0
12
.0
14
.0
21
!o
25
.0
31.0
14
.0
18.0
18
.0
20
.0
26
.0
30
.0
51.0
12
.0
18.0
20
.0
20
0
29
.0
30
.0
38.0
15
.0
19.0
16
.0
19
.0
24
.0
26
.0
31.0
lb
.0
12.0
18
.0
17
.0
18
.0
16
.0
17.0
12
0
10.0
13
0
12
.0
12
.0
11
.0
16.0
20
0
13.0
15
.0
14
15
.0
11
0
24 .0
50
.0
38.0
45
.0
39
!o
40
.0
5 5
0
9.0
lb
0
15 .0
lo
.0
15
.0
15
0
14
0
11.0
52
.0
25.0
28
.0
24
.0
25
.0
23
.0
b.O
20
0
lb.O
18
f
18
0
16
.0
15
0
9.0
34
.0
30.0
28
0
27
.0
29
.0
29
0
8.5
18
0
17.0
17
0
14
0
15
0
16
0
8.0
15
J
12.0
14
0
12
0
15
0
15
0
4.8
6
5
4 .4
4
D
4
5
6
2
6
2
o.e
8
7.9
6
0
7
E
10
0
14
0
The orange flame gives very good correction in general, although there is a tendency for the red panels to show a reflecting power higher than their visual values. The red flame arc produces considerable over-correction at the red end.
3. J. 0. S. A. & R. S. I. 6: 549, (1922).
4. Trans. Soc. Mot. Pict. Eng. 24: 82, (1925).
5. Incandescent Tungsten Lamp Installation for Illuminating Color Motion Picture Studio. Loyd A. Jones. Trans. Soc. Mot. Pict. Eng. 22: 25, (1925).
6. The Short-Wave Radiation from Tungsten Filaments. Luckiesh, Holladay, and Taylor. J. Frank. Inst. 196; 353, 495, (1923).
7. The Cooper Hewitt Mercury Vapor Lamp. L. J. Buttolph. Gen. Elec. Rev. 23: 741, (1920).
8. The Photographic Reflecting Power of Colored Objects. L. A. Jones. Trans. Soc. Mot. Pict. Eng. No. 31: 564, (1927).
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