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EXPERIENCED film makers learn early the importance of distinguishing between A and B wind 16mm film, and standard and non-standard emulsion positions. Such knowledge is important to preparing films for the laboratory when prints are to be made. (Photo courtesy Space Technology Laboratories, Inc.).
^4 -WIND, B-wiND, Standard, Non-standard — what kind of gobbledygook is this? Just what does it mean?
These are terms youTl likely run into at the lab¬ oratory when ordering prints of a 16mm film for the first time. The terms refer to the manner in which single-perforated 16mm film is wound on cores or spools with relation to the emulsion posi¬ tion.
When ordering sound tracks or masters from the lab, stock footage from a library, or placing orders for 16mm prints to be used on television, invariably these questions will be asked:
“Z)o you want A or B-wind?”
“Is it standard or non-standard?^’
The terms A-wind and B-wind indicate which side of single-perforated 16mm film carries the perfora¬ tion. Remembering the following two points will simplify the problem:
1. 16mm single-perforated film as it comes from the camera is usually B-wind. (Some cameras take up film emulsion-out, which is neither ‘A’ or ‘B’; but generally the emulsion is “in” and the perfora¬ tions in B-wind position.)
2. Printing the film normally reverses the wind to A (See illustration).
“Standard” and “Non-standard” refer to the emulsion position on the film — that is, whether it is
A-WINDB-WINDWHAT DO THEY MEAN?
Laboratory language worth knowing that will expedite your film print order.
toward you or away from you as you look at the film unwinding toward you from the top of the spool, with the sprocket holes at the left.
The Standard emulsion position is the same as indicated for B-wind in the illustration — away from you, with the film base toward you. Non-standard emulsion position is the same as A-wind, with the emulsion side of the film toward you.
The origin of the emulsion position problem in 16mm film production goes back to the days when 16mm was basically a film for amateur movie mak¬ ers. When the standards for 16mm were first set up, it was considered that the camera film would also serve as the film to be projected, after reversal pro¬ cessing, and therefore the emulsion position in the projector should be the same as its position in the camera — toward the lens. Therefore a Standard print today has the emulsion toward the lens in pro¬ jection. A Non-standard 16mm print will have the emulsion just the reverse, otherwise known as Awind.
Continued on Page 678
HOW to tell A-wind from B-wind 16mm single-perforated film.
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AMERICAN CINEMATOGRAPHER, NOVEMBER, 1962