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8 The Audio-Visual Handbook
bridges — all are taught with carefully prepared films, demonstrations, and other illustrative materials. The lecture method of earlier years has been found to be both inadequate and inefficient.
The American Council on Education provides a clearinghouse of research and information for all who may be interested in problems relating to the audio-visual field, especially those relating to the use of motion pictures. The Committee on Scientific Aids to Learning is studying the effectiveness of sound filmstrips and recordings. The Association of School Film Libraries is co-ordinating distribution of educational motion pictures, and the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America have made many subjects for classroom use through Teaching Film Custodians, Inc. In general, all types of audiovisual aids are receiving more intelligent consideration than at any time in the past, and there is every indication of a continued and accelerated increase in the attention given to these effective teaching aids.
The developments in the United States find parallels in other countries. The Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau produces educational, industrial, and scenic motion pictures and slides for distribution throughout the Dominion. The British Museum offers its facilities to the schools of England. China is using the poster and projected picture extensively to guide group thinking.
Similar application of visual-sensory aids to instruction is found in all parts of the world. Some cities in Europe have their own production studios and distribution service. The Australian Government Motion Picture Bureau has been in operation for several years. Various organizations in New Zealand, India, China, Japan, South Africa, Australia, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Mexico are giving active attention to the production and use of motion pictures and other audiovisual aids.
A brief glance at the activities in various localities indicates that the leading school systems of the United States are making regular use of visual-sensory aids to education. The majority of the states have organized service bureaus to care for the needs of the schools which cannot well afford to purchase materials. Many state and private educational institutions are offering training courses in the use of audio-visual materials to enrich instruction. In Pennsylvania, this training is required for certification. Other states are giving consideration to similar requirements. In some of the city teachers' colleges, visual instruction courses are required of those who plan to teach in the fields of social, general, natural, and physical sciences. Many museums are offering training courses for teachers in service.