The audio-visual handbook (1942)

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Types of Visual Aids and Their Uses 35 on the blackboard or on any other suitable surface. Such slides may be constructed for as little as ten cents each in black and white, with but little additional cost for appropriate coloring or tinting. The map slides which are available commercially are accurate in construction and are especially well adapted to blackboard work. These map slides have many advantages. They may be purchased cheaply, stored in small space, transported readily, and used for special place identification on blackboards without damage. There are other map slides available from various sources including aerial maps of sections and cities, product maps of various types, maps of national parks, river basins, and the like. The enterprising teacher can, with the aid of a good set of materials for making homemade slides, prepare the majority of the outline maps needed for any geography or history course, and will need to purchase only the detailed maps which have been prepared with greater accuracy. McClusky, in his "The Place of Visual Instruction in the Modern School,"""' makes the following comments concerning teaching with charts, maps, graphs, and diagrams: 1. Advantages: (a) A peculiar product of the visual sense is the wealth of plane relationships which it effects. Pictures, maps, charts, graphs, and diagrams take advantage of this peculiarity. In miniature, outline, trend, or figure, they depict on a flat surface the essential properties of the real situation. ( b ) Maps lend themselves to classroom production. Among the possibilities are political, outline, relief, color — physical and contour maps. Pictorial maps are of special value in that they are symbolical. (c) A few charts summarizing the most important ideas and figures to be presented in a lecture or discussion can be made at small cost. (d) Graphs are of particular value in presenting statistical information. (e) The chart or diagram gives the teacher and class something in common as a focal point of attention. (f) They may be carried from place to place easily. (g) They are permanent and stand hard usage. (h) They lend themselves readily to use at a moment's notice, at almost any point where an audience may be gathered. McClusky, et al., "The Place of Visual Instruction in the Modern School.