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40 The Audio-Visual Handbook
Pupils may use pictures effectively in connection with presentations of various kinds. Ordinarily, the class recitation with which the pupil can use one or more carefully selected pictures is of much greater interest and value to both the performer and the listeners.
Two simple criteria to be observed in selecting pictures for either pupil or teacher use is to use only pictures which pertain to the subject and only enough pictures to illustrate the point clearly. Pictures which do not pertain to the subject are likely to detract seriously from the topic under consideration and too many pictures introduced into one lesson are likely to confuse the minds of the pupils. Frequently, one or two carefully selected pictures will be sufficient for an entire recitation.
Pupils should be given plenty of time to study pictures. Some pupils comprehend much more readily than others, therefore each pupil should be permitted to consider each picture at his or her own rate.
Pictures have been found to be highly effective when used to illustrate notes or as a part of a scrapbook for any given course. Pupils should be encouraged to use pictures in this way, including such drawings as they might desire to construct in explanation of points of discussion.
Opaque Projection of Pictures. One of the most desirable ways to use pictures for classroom instruction is to project them onto a screen by means of a reflecting or opaque projector. Almost any picture of reasonably small size can thus be projected before the group and studied, even including illustrations in texts. The apparatus required for this type of projection is described in detail on pages 49 to 51 and its possible uses and limitations are noted.
Mounting Pictures. Many pictures are wasted due to improper mounting or care. Many other pictures have their potentialities wasted due to the fact that they have not been arranged conveniently for proper utilization. Either situation is unfortunate and rather easily corrected, if the teacher will but spend a little time in the preparation of materials.
Pictures which are permitted to remain in magazines, pamphlets, or folders are comparatively inaccessible. Furthermore, they are easily damaged in handling. It is usually preferable, therefore, to remove such pictures from the publications and mount them on substantial card or mounting board. The process is not expensive and will add to the accessibility of materials. For example, if a single issue of The National Geographic Magazine contains air views of the cities