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Types of Visual Aids and Their Uses 69
little experience with the use of these materials and it will not be difficult to know just when each will prove to he the most effective.
One of the greatest purposes served by the glass slide is that of giving training in expression and self-reliance. Homemade slides are very easily constructed either by the teacher or by the pupils. In most cases they will serve more effectively if constructed by the pupil for the purpose of illustrating his or her report to a class. A pupil in the school who has constructed an outline slide of the Panama Canal Zone, and who has been assigned the task of explaining the location and importance of the Zone to his geography class will handle the work with much more personal interest and zest than if he is obliged to lead the same discussion without the aid of the projected material. These talks on individual slides by pupils in classes may be utilized effectively in many different subjects, regardless of whether or not the pupils may have prepared the slides. Anything of this sort, which will tend to develop self-reliance and expression on the part of the pupils, will be of great value in the training of those who participate.
Glass slides are being used in some of the larger cities to accompany radio lessons. In this w^ay it is possible for an art supervisor, for example, to give a discussion of three or four noted paintings over a central radio station, so the discussion may be received in thirty to fifty school buildings where the slides are projected before classes. It would be impossible for the same person to reach those groups by traveling from school to school, but by broadcasting the discussion it may be almost as effective and certainly a very efficient way to handle an otherwise crowded schedule.
In certain courses it is possible to project typed slides on the blackboard or on a screen in the front of the classroom for the purpose of comparing the work of students or to make corrections. In all these uses of slides or other projected pictures, the chief advantage is that the attention of the entire group is concentrated upon the main topic of discussion. A single projected picture in the front of a darkened room will attract the attention of even the most inattentive in that room and, if properly presented, will hold the attention through the discussion period.
Limitations of Glass Slides. . Although glass slides are the most efficient of the projected visual aids from the standpoint of illumination and clearness, there are certain limitations which should be mentioned in any fair consideration of them. In the first place, they are rather heavy to transport from one place to another or to store in quantity. Shipping costs are higher than the cost of shipping almost any other