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Types of Visual Aids and Their Uses 91
A minor limitation, already touched upon, is that the filmstrips are in a fixed sequence. This may or may not be a limitation, depending upon the resourcefulness of the instructor who wishes to use them. In many projectors, the filmslide can be run backward or forward to select desired pictures in different order or for a different purpose than for which the filmslide was designed. While showing the pictures in a filmslide in irregular order is possible, it is not as convenient as selecting the desired slides from among those of a set or series. As mentioned earlier, for those who insist upon such selection, the miniature glass slide, or the mounting of individual frames from filmslides between 2" x 2" glasses, provides the answer.
A few may feel that there are too many pictures in a filmslide for use during one school period. In fairness, however, it must be said that such a feeling seems to be a survival of the days when pictures meant entertainment. When pictures are used for instruction, the thoughtful instructor might very seldom use all, or even half of the pictures in a filmslide in one period; but often he will be glad that the filmslide carries an abundance of pictures from which he may choose.
Production of Filmslides. As mentioned above, it is rather easy to produce filmslides. The cameras for the single-frame size of 35 mm. pictures have practically disappeared from the American market. Filmslides with single-frame pictures, made from stock or for quantity distribution by the commercial producers, are photographed with adaptations of the more expensive motion-picture camera, or with especially built and laboratory-mounted automatic focus cameras costing hundreds of dollars. This apparatus is designed for quantity production of high quality and the production service is available to schools at moderate cost. It is only necessary to provide the illustrations and appropriate instructions concerning the sequence desired.
The majority of the 35 mm. cameras now available for use by individual enthusiasts are for double-frame pictures, the characteristics of which have been described above. There are several reliable makes/1" These range in price from $10 upward. They are used for almost every purpose for which any type of camera would be useful. Experts and advanced amateurs select high-speed cameras, slow-speed cameras, special lenses, filters, etc., all at prices lower than the cost of comparable equipment for the production of larger negatives. The cost of operation is very much in favor of the miniature camera. Pictures may be produced at two to five cents each, whereas the average cost of
*Argus, Contax, Eastman, Exakta, Leica, and Welti.