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106 The Audio-Visual Handbook
motion pictures effectively.
4. Films are perishable and do not stand wear and tear like some other visual aids.
5. The film, to be effective in the classroom, should be previewed by the teacher and followed up by definite study. Sometimes the teacher cannot get the film when it is needed most.
6. The film is used too often as a substitute for, rather than a supplement to, other methods of presentation.
How to Use Silent Motion Pictures. The field of discussion opened by the heading for this section would provide ample material for many pages of discussion. It shall be the aim here, therefore, to point out a few of the general rules to be observed in getting the best results from motion pictures under normal conditions. Special conditions will require variations.
1. The motion picture should be used where it will contribute most to the understanding of the subject; i.e., to introduce the subject, as a part of the laboratory or study period, or as review.
2. The picture should be used directly in connection with the teaching of the subject to which it pertains; i.e., the motion picture "Dixie" should be used during the week or weeks devoted to consideration of the War Between the States.
3. The teacher should preview the film in order that there may be thorough familiarity with the content. Points which are not entirely clear to the teacher should be checked in advance, so questions from members of the classes may be answered intelligently.
4. The showing of the film should, in most cases, follow an oral introduction or discussion, during which certain unanswered questions will be left for the film to answer.
5. In the case of silent films, explanatory discussion during the showing has been found to be helpful in some instances if the discussion is pertinent. If not, omit it.
6. Usually, it will be advisable to show the film twice; once with minimum comment, followed by open discussion, and the second showing to answer questions raised during the intervening discussion.
7. Use the film reverse and stop-on-film sparingly or not at all. Reversing and stopping the film, unless accomplished properly, may become merely a funny stunt, thus losing its potential value in analysis of motion. Furthermore there is a strong possibility of damage to the film.
8. Whenever possible, use the pictures with but one class group at a time, and use them in the room to which the class is accustomed.