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108 The AudioVisual Handbook
pictures are projected. There may be a few freakish situations which are not in accordance with the general rule but, if so, there is certainly no justification for such a freak ruling. The "safety" film will burn if subjected to continuous flame or heat of an intense nature, but certainly will not burn to the extent that there would be any danger of fire from it during projection.
Sizes of Film in General Use. The history of the motion picture has recorded many different sizes of film ranging all the way from 8 mm. film to 70 mm. film, or approximately 2% inches in width. There have been films 8, 9.5, 12, 16, 28, 35, 50, and 70 mm. in width. Many of these have disappeared from general use largely due to the fact that standardization has been centered upon the 16 mm. film for nontheatrical use and the 35 mm. film for theatrical purposes.
The recently developed 8 mm. motion-picture film which has become so popular for amateur use, offers some interesting possibilities to those schools which desire to experiment with film production. Teachers who wish to prepare motion pictures to illustrate certain lessons in their courses will find this small film, used in a good projector, to be both inexpensive and satisfactory for small groups. Furthermore, it may be used to produce natural-color films, also at low cost. There is no extensive library of 8 mm. educational films available at present, but several producers of educational and travel films are now offering 8 mm. prints at low cost. Those who plan to use this size of film will find it extremely important to secure cameras and projectors of highest quality, as these instruments must be both accurate and dependable if satisfactory results are to be achieved.
The 16 mm. motion pictures, which have become the educational standard for classroom and ordinary auditorium use, were first developed as an answer to the problem of a cheaper way in which to produce sales-promotion films or films to be used within industrial organizations. The early types of projection equipment did not give the best results, and many who witnessed 16 mm. motion-picture demonstrations seventeen or eighteen years ago were not impressed by their possible use in schools. Since that time, however, more powerful projectors have been built and the 16 mm. motion-picture film can be projected in the average classroom just as satisfactorily as the 35 mm. film. As a matter of fact, some of the 16 mm. motion-picture projectors now available are capable of giving better projection in the classroom than the majority of the portable 35 mm. silent projectors.