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112 The Audio-Visual Handbook
stop at a certain frame and to hold that picture on the screen for discussion. It was later found that there was little justification for using motion-picture film except where motion was essential in telling the story, so these "still" shots have been omitted. This desirable change in film-producing techniques has eliminated the need for a stop-on-film device except in those instances where homemade movies may still contain scenes which are too short to permit thorough understanding of the subject. There is no prominent producer of teaching films today who advocates the use of a stop-on-film or a reverse mechanism in presenting films.
Another problem which will need to be given consideration is that of the cost of film, either for outright purchase or on loan, and the transportation of that film from the source of supply to the school. A few years ago it was necessary for schools in certain sections of the United States to send long distances for the films they desired to use. Since the inauguration of new service bureaus in various sections, nearly any school in the United States can now secure service within a distance of a few hundred miles.
The physical equipment of the building or rooms in which the motion pictures are to be used will need to be given some attention. The majority of the older buildings and some of the new ones are not equipped with floor plugs or electrical outlets to accommodate projection equipment. This is excusable in the older buildings, but no building which has been constructed within the last ten years should be without suitable outlets. If such a condition exists, it is advisable to have a competent electrician install outlets which are in easy reach of those who operate the equipment. All the physical equipment incidental to projection should be made as convenient as possible in order to avoid the creation of an artificial teaching situation in the room each time the equipment is set up for use.
The arrangement of the equipment within the classroom itself and the seating within the room will be important in the showing of motion pictures or other projected material. The best projection results are secured in long, narrow rooms as those students who are seated at wide angles from the screen do not get a clear impression of the projected image. The room should be darkened as thoroughly as possible, as any interfering light will tend to detract from the value of the picture itself. It is true that some of the more powerful projectors can be used in rooms which are reasonably well lighted, but there is likely to be a strain on the eyes of the pupils watching the picture, and it is quite probable the picture itself will not be as distinct as required. If it is