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114 The Audio-Visual Handbook
Another simple rule which is becoming more and more important to visual-instruction workers is that the film should not be used unless it makes a definite contribution to the teaching of the subject. If a film on cattle raising on the Great Plains of the United States is to be shown to a class in geography or in agriculture, it should be used in connection with the study of cattle raising by the group. The film used at the proper time will be extremely valuable, whereas the improper use of it might be a total waste of time. There are many films posing as educational subjects which should never enter a classroom. In some cases the information contained in them is irrelevant and in others, it is incorrect. There is never a logical excuse for bringing into any classroom a visual aid which is untruthful or incorrect in any way.
As suggested above, there are many so-called educational films but a more limited quantity of films which are truly educational in their makeup. There are many subjects which are semi-educational and many of these can be applied at the proper time and place with reasonably good results. Also, there are many industrial films which have certain educational values. The films of the mineral industries produced by the U. S. Bureau of Mines; the films of various industries, such as those produced by the General Electric Company; the films of the agricultural industry produced by the U. S. Department of Agriculture; and similar educational subjects produced by smaller organizations throughout the United States can be used to good advantage if they are selected carefully and presented properly. Too many times the schools which use industrial films simply order them for any available date and attempt to make use of them when they arrive. This is just as unsatisfactory a procedure as it would be to use other educational films when they do not fit into the schedule.
16 mm. Silent Motion Pictures
Advantages and Limitations. The preceding discussion has mentioned some of the advantages and a few of the limitations of the 16 mm. silent film. Economy is one of the greatest advantages, and limited size and distance of projection is the greatest disadvantage of the 16 mm. film. However, the limitations of size and distance might be considered an advantage inasmuch as they have in some instances forced the educational motion picture into the classroom, where it really belongs. The discussion which follows will call attention to some of the favorable and unfavorable aspects of 16 mm. film.
Cost of Materials. The cost of the 16 mm. silent motion-picture