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Types of Visual Aids and Their Uses 115
film is very reasonable. The best educational subjects in existence can be purchased at an average cost of approximately $25 per reel. (See list of sources, page 211.) There are some highly specialized subjects with limited distribution which are more expensive, and there are many subjects available for less. However, it is advisable in most cases to select films from a reliable and reputable producer inasmuch as the variation in cost is too slight to run the risk of getting materials which are not of the highest quality.
The majority of the service bureaus which offer to lend visual aids to schools have individual or group service fees which will provide standard 400-foot reels of 16 mm. silent films at an average cost of approximately $1 plus transportation charges. In most cases this means that any school may secure the use of a 400-foot reel of the best educational motion pictures for one full day by paying a service fee of $1 plus the normal transportation and insurance charges. In a few instances this fee is less and in some instances it is more. Industrial and scenic films are available without charge when ordered directly from the industries which produce them, and there is usually a small service fee charged by the visual-instruction bureaus which have accumulated assortments of industrial films. In most cases the nominal charge made by the service bureaus will be less than the postal charges for delivering the films from the producers and returning them. It is usually advisable, therefore, to secure the film service from the nearest service bureau. The service fees are reasonable and the materials themselves are usually of high quality.
Those who may be interested in producing their own motion-picture subjects will find that the costs vary somewhat in accordance with the difficulty of securing good pictures of the subjects included. It is comparatively inexpensive to photograph any subject which is normally to be found in good light out of doors. It may prove to be rather difficult and expensive to produce films which require the use of artificial lighting, animation, or other special devices to record the picture properly. More attention will be given to film production later in this book.
Transportation Charges. One of the greatest advantages of the 16 mm. motion picture is the. extremely low cost of transportation. A reel of 16 mm. film may be shipped entirely across the continent at a cost of about fifteen or twenty cents. It would cost three or four times as much to ship a reel of 35 mm. motion-picture film. If the films are to be shipped long distances, there will be very little dif