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134 The Audio-Visual Handbook
Teachers of music consider phonograph records to be indispensable classroom tools. Records are used to teach rhythm to pupils of all ages. Recordings of children's songs are used to teach songs to individual pupils and to groups. Records which illustrate individual instruments of the orchestra serve well in teaching the sound of each. Other records teach the function of each in producing the stirring or soothing combinations of sounds resulting from group performance.
Records are used as patterns for vocal or instrumental performance, individually and in groups. Other records teach the types of music and bring to the classroom illustrations of music of all ages and nationalities. Records aid in studying and learning folk songs and folk dances of the world. Various applications of phonograph records in the teaching of music and music appreciation are almost unlimited. The study of music appreciation, including "Music Literature," "Knowing the Composer Through His Music," "Music History," etc., has come to be the central element in teaching music in the schools, especially in the higher grades and in the colleges.
The now familiar survey of music in colleges, and the resultant action of the Carnegie Foundation in donating to a goodly number of these upper schools a large and comprehensive library of records, gave immediate proof of the findings of the Committee, viz.: that appreciation through much hearing is the only way to reach the student body in a democratic presentation of music as a general cultural subject open to all.
Many persons have the impression that phonograph records are effective only in teaching music and music appreciation. It is true that records are used more extensively for these purposes, but there are many other purposes for which they can be, and are being used effectively in classrooms and with school groups.
There are records which illustrate proper pronunciation and enunciation of foreign languages. Recorded speech aids in teaching the correct use of spoken English. Shorthand-dictation exercises are used for speed practice. Rhythm records are used in penmanship and typewriting classes. Other rhythm records are used extensively by physical-training instructors of large and small groups of all ages. Recorded music of various periods and nationalities is integrated with the study and teaching of literature, nature study, geography, history, and other natural and social sciences.
A more recent development in phonograph records promises to make available for class use many of the best educational radio programs. It is difficult in many instances for schools to adjust their