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136 The Audio-Visual Handbook
tension courses and has recently increased this service to include many of the best recordings in the fields of English, literature, history, and the other social sciences.
The Radio Program
It is probable that the use of radio in schools for instructional purposes is receiving more attention among schools and educationalservice agencies than any of the more recent sound aids to learning. The National Broadcasting Company, Columbia Broadcasting System, Office of Education, and many smaller organizations are giving careful consideration to ways and means of utilizing radio to the greatest educational advantage. The problems are many. Some may require years to solve. The interesting phase of the situation is that broadcasting facilities, Government agencies, and schools are working together, experimenting, planning, and replanning, all for the ultimate benefit to the Johnnies and Marys in the classroom and to the older Johns and Marys who are no longer receiving formal instruction in the classroom.
One of the major problems is that of determining just which type of program is most effective in education. Education in the past remained rather harsh and sometimes distasteful, for disciplinary purposes. It is now very easy to turn the dial if the program has not sufficient appeal to the listener. Accordingly, it has been necessary to change the method of presentation — to catch and to hold the interest of the listener. Some programs have been too dull and others too entertaining to accomplish the desired result. The successful educational radio program of today is one which sets out to accomplish definite objectives and does so by following certain procedures. The bulletin "Education by Radio" presents a summary of "Guideposts for Producing Educational Programs," which should provide a clear impression of some of the problems of educational broadcasting:*
"Apropos Mr. Boutwell's claim for the mass appeal of educational programs, some readers may want to know the guideposts by which such programs are prepared. They are of two kinds: those which have to do with educational objectives, and those which are concerned exclusively with the problem of attracting and holding an audience.
"The following tentative educational guideposts have been suggested to writers connected with the Educational Radio Project:
"'Education by Radio," Vol. 7, No. 4, April 1937. National Committee on Education by Radio, One Madison Avenue, New York City.