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138 The Audio-Visual Handbook
is. All future behavior of a character should be motivated beforehand.
"9. Each line of dialog should be as short as possible and to the point, without hurting characterization or dramatization.
"10. The script should 'flow.' Even more essential than on the stage or in a moving picture, because of the limited time and holding power, the lines of a radio script should advance the plot or the subject matter steadily toward the climax.
"11. Variety is essential. No actor or group of actors should be i-sked to carry a scene longer than interest in a particular situation can be maintained — about two minutes.
"12. The script should continually remind listeners of others present in the scene, even if they are not speaking.
"13. Sounds and action should be properly prepared for in advance; this is, if the Indians are coming, anticipation of the sound of hoofbeats must be built up in advance.
"14. Characters should speak in character; residents of a particular place should speak like residents of that place.
"15. If an address to which mail is to be sent is used, it should be repeated at least three times. The same holds true for the name of the school, agency, or company. Any offer used at the close of a broadcast should be prepared for at the opening.
"16. Directions for the production director and music director should be ample and clear."
The problem of utilization of radio programs in the school is another which puzzles many who desire to offer every educational advantage within the school. It was stated earlier in the discussion of motion pictures that the presentation of a reel or two of film is not teaching and may be an utter waste of time. Similarly, the mere listening to a radio program — the best on the air — may or may not have instructional value, largely depending upon the way in which the program is used. It is possible to secure advance information concerning the most prominent series of educational programs. These advance announcements or bulletins usually contain sufficient information to guide the teacher in preparing classes for intelligent reception.
Some programs, such as the NBC "Music Appreciation Hour," CBS "School of the Air," health lectures, correct-speech demonstrations, and the like, are suitable for a major part or all of the student body. Other programs in science, geography, history, etc., should be utilized by those groups which will be able to relate the radio lesson to the scheduled classroom procedure. Otherwise much time may be applied at a disadvantage or entirely wasted.