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160 The AudioVisual Handbook
caused a strong swing toward sound motion pictures as aids to instruction.
The survey* of visual aids and visual-instruction equipment, conducted by the Office of Education in 1936, indicated that the ratio of silent to sound projectors in use among schools was approximately twelve to one. This ratio is being modified by an increasing tendency on the part of schools to purchase projectors that will show both silent and sound films. The buying of straight silent projectors has not ceased; in fact, it is reported to show a slight increase from year to year. The increase in the number of sound projectors bought recently by schools is relatively far greater, however.
The survey** of motion-picture equipment in high schools and colleges, published by the Motion-Picture Division, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, U. S. Department of Commerce, 1941, reported 12,443 16 mm. motion-picture projectors and 2447 35 mm. motion-picture projectors as owned by high schools and colleges in the United States and its possessions. Of the 12,443 16 mm. projectors reported, 6059 are silent and 6384 are equipped for sound. These were reported by approximately 17,500 high schools and colleges, which would indicate that the majority have some type of motion-picture projection equipment.
The majority of the sound projectors purchased by schools are of the 16 mm. type, although some schools are installing 35 mm. sound equipment, or both, in order that the best of standard theatrical productions may be used for both educational and recreational purposes. Practically all 16 mm. sound projectors are designed to accommodate either sound or silent films, although better performance may be secured for more years by purchasing a projector designed to operate at sound speed only. A separate silent projector would be inexpensive and better suited to the use of silent films.
One of the greatest factors which has retarded the more widespread use of sound motion-picture equipment among schools has been the lack of a sufficient quantity and variety of good educational sound film. This shortage has been corrected and the supply is now sufficient to meet the requirements of the average school. Several important developments have contributed to this essential change.
*National Visual Education Directory; American Council on Education, Washington, D. C. **The published report of this survey may be purchased from the Educational
Department, RCA Manufacturing Company, Inc., Camden, New Jersey, at $3
a copy.