F. H. Richardson's bluebook of projection (1935)

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104 RICHARDSON'S BLUEBOOK OF PROJECTION tical or a parabolic mirror, working either with or without a converging lens of glass. (9) The second system consists of a projection lens (a compound lens, usually made up of two elements separated slightly by a metal spacing ring and two other elements cemented together with Canadian balsam, the whole contained in a brass barrel) which picks up a bundle of light rays emanating from every one of the tens of thousands of pin points in the film photograph posed over the projector aperture. This lens receives and so refracts the rays that each reaches exactly its appointed place in the screen image they combine to form. Thus the enormously magnified image is sharp and clear when viewed from a reasonable distance. Definitions Although this volume contains an extensive glossary of terms, some definitions are given below that are important to an understanding of the optics of projection. Angle of Incidence (10) Angle a light ray forms with a line at right angles to any surface at the point of contact. Angle of Refraction (11) Angle a light ray forms with a line at right angles to the surface of lens at the point of entering or leaving it. Barrel Distortion (12) Uncorrected lenses so distort straight lines in the screen image that they are more or less curved. Bi-Convex Lens (13) A lens that is convex on both sides. See Figure 31 on page 103. Brilliancy (14) Intensity of illumination as measured in foot candles.