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CURRENT RECTIFICATION 305
load it was able to carry and, if properly cared for, unlikely to give trouble of any sort for a long time.
(93) The series type generator offered distinct advantages when current requirements were high and fairly constant. Today amperage needs fluctuate so widely that the series type is no longer in favor; the demand is for the multiple type generator, because it has a fairly wide range of current (amperage) output and is moderately economical in operation. Incidentally, among multiple action generators the horizontal type is most widely used because it is held to possess superior advantages in certain respects.
Ballast Resistance and Generators
(94) The term "ballast resistance" as used here refers to rheostats that form a part of motor-generator sets, being used to absorb the difference between the generator and arc voltage. Their purpose will be fully explained in the following pages.
(95) In the parallel type generator there is a very definite relationship between the arc length and current flow on the one hand, and rheostat ballast resistance capacity and arc voltage on the other. The correct voltage across a low intensity (reflector type) arc is between 50 and 55 volts. Across the standard (old style) d. c. arc it varies between 55 and 60. Across the straight high intensity arc it is from 65 to 70 volts.
(96) If the generator operates at 80 volts, supplying a 55 volt arc, it follows ballast resistance exists to absorb or "break down" (80-55) 25 volts, dissipating that amount of power in the form of heat that is absorbed by the surrounding atmosphere. It must be able to do this without over-heating the grids or wire coils. (97) In other words the ballast resistance must have sufficient capacity to do its job without being overloaded ; and the greater the amount of voltage it must absorb the greater must be its capacity, remembering always that the break-down represents wattage and wattage represents power that must be paid for.
Another type of error lies in using too much resist