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NEGATRONS AND MAGNETISM 457
ever, neither attraction nor repulsion for iron, and in other ways is altogether unmagnetic in its action. The attraction or repulsion associated with electric charges is spoken of as "static" or "electric." A field of static or electric force surrounds every electrical charge.
But a field of magnetic force surrounds every magnet, as well as every conductor carrying current. They are two entirely different forces.
Nature of Magnetism
(5) If a piece of hard rubber be charged by friction and mounted on the edge of a rapidly rotating wheel, the rubber so charged will acquire and maintain a magnetic field as long as the wheel continues to revolve. But we already know that any electrical current is only an electric charge in motion, and that every conductor is surrounded by a magnetic field as long as current continues to flow through it.
These facts would seem to indicate that magnetism is a property manifested by electricity in motion. (6) But if that is true there must be moving electricity somewhere inside a magnetized steel bar. Modern theory holds that such is the case. We remember that the atoms of every substance consist of positive cores surrounded by clouds of moving negatrons. Some substances, iron most prominently, are capable of becoming magnetized but are not always magnets; they can, however, be magnetized. Some substances cannot be magnetized. If half the negatrons in any molecule are revolving in one direction and half in the other direction, that molecule can never be magnetized. Each negatron is in itself a tiny magnet, but its magnetic efifect is cancelled by that of another negatron which is moving in the opposite direction inside the same molecule.
But if most of the negatrons in a molecule are moving in the same direction, that molecule is always a magnet. A substance composed of such molecules can be magnetized. Normally the substance will be in unmagnetized condition, because the molecules will point in every direction and thus their magnetic forces will be in con