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CHAPTER XXIII CHARACTERISTICS OF ALTERNATING CURRENT
(1) The switch in a light circuit will extinguish the light, whether the power be a. c. or d. c. But if the lamp bulb is removed from the socket and a sensitive meter substituted, the instrument will show that in an a. c. line a very weak current continues to flow in spite of the open switch, while in a d. c. line this does not happen. If we examine what the negatrons are doing in the vicinity of the switch this seemingly strange fact is readily understood.
(2) Consider the switch in a d. c. line. Suppose the switch to be open. Negatrons from the negative source occupy the negative side of the switch. Free negatrons from the positive blade have been drawn away toward the positive source of power. Now if the switch be partly closed there will be an additional flow, because, as the negative and positive charges come closer (the switch more nearly closed) more negatrons will be attracted to the negative blade. A corresponding number of negatrons will be repelled from the positive blade and will move back towards the positive source of power. During the course of this small change there of course is a slight movement of negatrons, which is the same thing as a slight flow of current, in both of the wires.
If, now, the switch be left alone and the d. c. voltage does not change, there is no reason for any further motion of negatrons, and hence there is no further fl<>\\ of current.
With this in mind it is easy to see that when a. c. is connected to an open switch there is always sonic slight How of negatrons in the wires. The switch blades periodically reverse polarity, therefore negatrons are
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