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4c8 richardson's bluebook of projection
Ohm's Law For Alternating Current
(10) In a d. c. circuit the amperage flowing is equal to the voltage driving it divided by the resistance of the conductor, as we have already seen, but in an alternating current circuit there are other factors besides the resistance of the conductor which tend to oppose the voltage and hold back the flow of current. (11) Both inductances and condensers oppose the passage of alternating current through them to some degree, and their opposition, their resistive effect, is called reactance.
Therefore in applying Ohm's Law to an alternating current circuit we must take reactance into consideration in addition to the usual resistance of the wire. The principle behind Ohm's Law holds precisely as true for a. c. as for d. c. but the details of the formula must be changed to allow for the effect of reactance.
(12) The term impedance is used in connection with a. c. circuits to designate the effect of both the conductor resistance and the inductive and capacitative reactance, in other words, the sum total of all the influences tending to oppose the flow of current. Therefore in a. c. circuits Ohm's Law is I = E h Z (impedance) or
(13) Current = t 1
v J Impedance
just as the d. c. law reads
Voltage
Current = 5 — —.
Resistance
(14) The only difference between these two forms of the same law is that in the case of d. c. there is no reactance and the resistance and the impedance are the same thing, while in the case of a. c. the impedance is more than the wire resistance alone.