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thickness at one side than the other. Proposals have therefore been made to have a dummy coating on the opposite edge of the film to equalise the sound track coating. The additional coating is also illustrated in Fig. 4.
Application to Sub-standard Films
Fig. 5 shows a 16mm. film, similar to the 35mm. film exhibited in Fig. 4. In this the sound track coating occupies the same space as that normally occupied by the photographic track, and it is again of about 0.1 in. in width. The second row of perforations is as in the photographic film omitted in order to accommodate the magnetic track. The above remarks also apply with regard to the provision of an additional dummy coating to facilitate reeling — a point of particular importance now that the use of large reels of 16mm. film, up to 1,600 feet in length, is so frequent.
We now have to welcome a new arrival in our midst, namely, the 8mm. sound-on-film. The technically minded will, generally, have mixed feelings about this new arrival because the results we can expect must inevitably be very limited. Up to now it has been impossible to make an 8mm. film with photographic sound, due to the limitations of the latter, but the arrival of modern magnetic sound, and particularly the different materials with which the film can be coated, make it feasible to apply a magnetic sound track to 8mm. film as well.1
Fig. 5. 16mm. Magnetic Sound-with-Picture Film.
Fig. 6. 8mm. Magnetic Sound-with-Picture Film.
The coating for the sound track on 8mm. (Fig. 6) can, perhaps, be placed on the sprocket hole side (8mm. film has only one row of perforations) or on the opposite edge. Either position can be arranged to allow a maximum width of only about 30 mils (0.030in.) and the necessity of a " dummy " coating also holds good if the use of large reels is contemplated.
Naturally, the proximity of the sprocket holes may influence the recording and reproduction of sound. On the other hand, if the sound track coating is placed on the opposite side of the film, this will necessitate slight consumption of the picture area, and I propose to leave it to the experts in the industry to thrash out this reduction in picture size between them.
Requirements of Apparatus
Having coated the film and having made the required stock available, the question arises of the different functions which we require the apparatus to fulfil.
In many respects the equipment has to be different from photographic equipment. Complicated optics and optical adjustments disappear. The sound signals are impressed upon and picked up from the magnetic track