We use Optical Character Recognition (OCR) during our scanning and processing workflow to make the content of each page searchable. You can view the automatically generated text below as well as copy and paste individual pieces of text to quote in your own work.
Text recognition is never 100% accurate. Many parts of the scanned page may not be reflected in the OCR text output, including: images, page layout, certain fonts or handwriting.
83
Rewinders and Splicing Machines
Hand or electrically operated rewinders can be used. The spool supporting arms should be square and firmly mounted and in alignment to eliminate possible rubbing of film and facilitate even winding.
Splicing machines should be of good design and maintained in a clean serviceable condition, to ensure that the blades have sharp cutting edges so that the film is cut clean and square.
Splices must be neat and cleanly made, and the emulsion must be completely removed to provide a 100% fusion of the bases. A good quality film cement is necessary. Any uneven or dirty joins should be removed.
The regular cleaning of films will help to prolong their life, the film being first passed through a bath of trichlorethylene or carbon tetrachloride, and then between felt pads and finally over a series of revolving brushes and rollers.
Prints which have sustained surface defects not penetrating the emulsion, can be improved by waxing treatment.
Avoiding Damage in the Field
The most important factor is to take all possible measures to ensure that films are supplied in a good serviceable condition.
To guard against damaging green stock and to facilitate the passage of the film over the sprockets, gate, sound drum, etc., prints should be subjected to a hardening treatment. This results in a high glazing of the delicate emulsion and imparts a transparent lubricant to the stock, thus also improving durability.
Films should be enclosed in cardboard or metal containers and despatched in strong fibre waterproof cases with closely fitting lids. Where no containers are used, the loose end of the film should be made secure. Films should be supplied evenly wound ready for use, according to requirements, with the title, catalogue number and numbers of reels clearly indicated on the head leaders as well as the containers.
Head and foot leaders are essential on all reels to prevent damage to the front and end sections. A minimum length of 5 ft. head leader is necessary to enable the film to be laced up in the machine, and provides sufficient length for checking purposes. 18 in. to 24 in. of blank film is usually suitable for foot leaders. (The B.S.I, is at present considering the standardisation of leaders based on recommendations submitted by the B.K.S.)
In no circumstances should distorted spools be used. The spindle hole should be checked for excessive wear.
Detailed records of every reel, covering perforations, joins, track and picture quality, should be maintained. Films should be examined immediately on their return from the operator and in the event of fresh defects being observed the operator should be notified without delay. Operators who continually damage films are a constant cause of anxiety and every endeavour should be made to give them tuition in methods of safeguarding film.
Film Damage
Defective stock has an almost negligible bearing on film damage. Particular consideration should be given to make the cleaning and care of the projectors a simple matter.
All parts with which the film comes in contact should be highly polished and sufficiently hardened to eliminate wear. All rotating parts should be mounted on ball races and designed to facilitate servicing and cleaning.