British Kinematography (1950)

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58 BRITISH KINEMATOGRAPHY Vol. 17, NO. 5 the picture, due to the Iconoscope characteristics, becomes intolerable. Owing to the reciprocity-law failure of the emulsion, Eastman Fine Grain Sound Recording Safety Film, Type 5373, exhibits a considerable upturning shoulder characteristic, as shown in Fig. 15, when exposed by high-intensity radiation such as it receives from the rapidly moving, high intrinsic brightness of the Kinescope scanning spot. This emulsion shows no upturning shoulder characteristic when exposed by a low-intensity exposure such as the Eastman lib Sensitometer. Additive Losses. When made on film, Kinescope recordings are subject not only to a reduction in the resolution and luminance range of the television system, but also to those of the photographic process ; yet they must be projected back on to the television system for reproduction, thus suffering additional losses. It is obvious that programmes recorded by this technique suffer considerable degradation in quality, yet they do serve a definite purpose in organizing television programmes and networks that cannot be accomplished without resorting to direct photography, which would require different lighting techniques and would frequently necessitate duplication of the programmes. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Janes, R. B., Johnson, R. E., and Moore, R. S. : " Development and Performance of Television Camera Tubes," RCA Review, X, No. 2. pp. 191-223, June. 1949. 2. Schade, C. H. : " Electro-Optical Characteristics or Television Systems, Parts I. II. Ill, IV.'" RCA Review, IX, Nos. 1, 2, 3. 4. March, June, Sept., Dec, 1948. 3. Rose, A. : " The Relative Sensitivities of Televi ion Pickup Tubes, Photographic Films, and the Human Eye," Proc. Inst. Radio Eng., 33, No. 6, pp. 293-300, June. 1942. 4. Zworykin, V. K., and Morton, G. A. : " Television." New York, John Wilev & Sons, Inc., 1940. • 5. lams, H. A., Morton, G. A., and Zworykin, V. K. : " The Image Iconoscope," Proc. Inst. Radio Eng., 27, No. 9. pp. 541-547, Sept., 1939. 6. Rose. A., Weimer. P. K., and Law, H. B. : '* The Image Orthicon — A Sensitive Television Pickup Tube." Proc. Inst. Radio Eng.. 34, No. 7, pp. 424-432, July, 1946. 7. Zworykin, V. K., Morton, G. A., and Flory, L. E. : -' The Theory and Performance of the Iconoscope," Proc. Inst. Radio Eng., 25, No. 8, pp. 1071-1092, Aug., 1937. 8. Zworykin, V. K. : " The Iconoscope — A Modern Version of the Electric Eye," Proc. Inst. Radio Eng., 22, No. 1. pp. 16-32, Jan., 1934. 9. Engstrom, E. W. : "A Study of Television Image Characteristics, " Proc. Inst. Radio Eng., 23, No. 4, pp. 295-310. April, 1935. 10. Engstrom, E. W. : "A Study of Television Image Characteristics," Proc. Inst. Radio Eng., 21, No. 12, pp. 1631-1651, Dec., 1933. 11. Law. R. R. : "Contrast in Kine Proc. Inst. Radio Eng., 27, No. 8, pp. 511-524, Aug., 1939. 12. Rose, A. : " A Unified Approach of the Performance_of Photographic Film, Television Pickup Tubes and the Human Eye," /. Soc. Mot. Pict. Eng., 47, No. 4, pp. 273-294, Oct., 1946. 13. Fraser, R. M. : " Motion Picture Photography of Television Images," RCA Review, IX, No. 2, pp. 202-217, June, 1948. 14. Motion Picture Film Department, Eastman Kodak Company : " The Use of Motion-Picture Films in Television," published bv the Eastman Kodak Company, 1949. 15. Albin, F. N. : " Sensitometric Aspect of Television Monitor-Tube Photography," /. Soc. Mot. Pict. Eng., 51, pp. 595-612, Dec, 1948. 16. Jones, L. A., and Higgins, G. C. : " Photographic Granularity and Graininess — II," /. Opt. Soc. Amer., 36, No. 4, pp. 203-227, April, 1946. 17. Jones, L. A., and Higgins, G. C. : " Photographic Granularity and Graininess — III," /. Opt. Soc. Amer., 37, No. 4. pp. 217-263, April, 1947. 18. Jones, L. A. : " On the Theory of Tone Reproduction with a Graphic Method for the Solution of Problems," /. Eranklin Inst., 190, No. 1, pp. 39-90, Julv, 1920. 19. Mees, C. E. K. : "Theory of the Photographic Process," Chapter 20. New York, The Macmillan Company. 1942. 20. Jones, L. A., and Higgins, G. C. : " Photographic Granularity and Graininess — iV," J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 38, No. 4, pp. 398-405, April, 1948. 21. Jones, L. A., and Higgins. G. C. : " The Relationship between the Granularity and Graininess of Developed Photographic Materials," J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 35, No. 7, pp. 435-457, July, 1945.