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January, 1952
HALAS : LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN ANIMATED FILM
that our camera set-up shall be capable of shooting as wide a range of different kinds of animation as possible.
It will be appreciated that, at these close ranges, the camera lens is behaving like a microscope ; consequently, absolute rigidity of structure and mechanical accuracy are essential if the picture is to move smoothly. Control must be accurate to one thousandth part of an inch.
Fig. 4. The new camera set-up in use.
It will thus be seen that the camera and its mounting must needs be a massive piece of precision engineering, for, with all these movements superimposed on one another, all errors are cumulative.
Photography of animated models or puppets demands the same accurate control of camera and of the object photographed. But in this case the camera, instead of being
fixed looking vertically downwards, will be tilted at various angles between 45° and the horizontal, and will be required to pan or swing from side to side and to track backwards and forwards. Owing to the longer distances involved in model shooting and the unwieldy size of model sets, it is seldom possible to keep the camera still and move the object photographed, as in ordinary cartoon work.
But there are times when a subject calls for the employment of both methods in two or more separate exposures. It may be necessary, for instance, to superimpose animated drawings or captions on animated model in circumstances where laboratory optical superimposition wrould mean prohibitive delay and expense. To meet these conditions we must design a dual purpose mounting which will enable both exposures to be shot in register without unloading the film from the camera. For shooting models, this mounting must tilt, pan and track ; for shooting cartoon, it must be held rigidly vertical, but must still track and must be provided with the usual panning table.
It would be a mistake, however, to expect a single mounting to be too versatile. In my own Studio the two principal Technicolor cameras are each capable of both cartoon and model photography, but each camera is adapted to a different range of shots.
In one case a Bell Howell camera is mounted on a slide permitting a track of 27 inches. The slide is held in the trunnion arms of a revolving pedestal, like a gun mounting, which can point the camera in any direction, including vertically downwards at a table of the type described.
In the other case a Bell Mitchell camera is located by pegs on either of two alternative brackets, one of which is fixed to a table rostrum for cartoon work and the other of which is mounted on a travelling pedestal which can tilt and pan and track for distances up to about 22 feet.
Both the arrangements allow the camera to proceed direct from model to flat cartoon photograph}^ without losing register in the camera, and with them it is possible to attempt a wide range of shots with confidence and accuracy.