Business screen magazine (1946)

£ FFECTIVE SALES TRAINING AND PROMOTION FILMS Require that rare combination CREATIVE THINKING, WRITING AND VISUALIZATION PLUS TECHNICAL PERFECTION IN PRODUCTION That's the secret of our SUCCESS INC 254 WEST 54th STREET NEW YORK, 19, N. Y. COIumbus 5-7620 Film Nomenclature Key Tfclinical Dt'fliiilions Giv<Mi in Aiiifrican Stamlards Hrocluin WITH KII.M rapiHK heoming as .(.ni]!!..,, a denominator in business and tducalional conimunicalion as the printed (lafie las well as a mass entertainment medium via theatres and television), the urgent need for recognized standards of legal and professional terminology is being met by such organizations as the American Standards Association, aided b^■ special committees from the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers as well as producer and laboratory organizations. The basic publication from which some of these terms are digested in these columns is the American Standards "Nomenclature for Motion Picture Film Used in Studios and Processing Laboratories, revised in 1947. No. Z22.561947. The complete book may be obtained at only 50c per copy from the American Standards Association. Inc.. 70 E. 45th Street. New York 17, N. Y. Some of the most significant definitions are as follows: 1.1 Motion Picture Film. Motion picture film is a thin flexible ribbon of transparent material having perforations along one or both edges and bearing a sensitized layer or other coating capable of producing photographic images. .Note: The term "film" may be applied to unexposed him, to exposed but unprocessed film, and to exposed and processed film. 1.1.1 Raw Stock. Raw stock is film which has not been exposed or processed. 1.1.2 Film Base. Film base is the transparent or nearly transparent material upon which a photographic emulsion is coated: namely, the support for the emulsion in photographic film. Note: All 35-mm film is usually understood to be a flammable liase (nitrate), unless otherwise specified. 1.1.2.1 Safety Base. Safety base is the slow burning film base used in motion picture film. Note: .\t the present time, safety base and acetate base are synonymous and 16-mm film manufactured in the United States is of this form. .Ml safety base must comply with American Standard Definition for Motion Picture Safely Film, Z22.31-1946. 1.1.3 Film Perforations. Film perforations are the regularly and accurately spaced holes that are punched throughout the length of motion picture film. These holes are engaged by the teeth of various sprockets and pins by which the film is propelled and positioned as it travels through cameras, processing machines, prjectors. and other film machinery. 1.1.4 Fine Grain. Fine grain is the term used to designate film emulsions in which the grain size is smaller or finer than in the older type emulsions commonly employed prior to about 1936. Note: This Icrni is relative as there is a wide varia(ion in grain size among various fine-grain films. It is probable that the term will become obsolete when all film emulsions become fine grain. There is no inverse term such as coarse grain. 1.3 Dupe iDupIicate) \egalive. A dupe (duplicate) negative is a negative film that is produced by printing from a positive. NoTK: A dupe negative is used for producing prints which are. in effect, duplicates of prints which niij;ht brntadf from the original negative. 1.4 Image ( Photograpliic). An image is iwn .litai ■t] UU: liln pl.olo.r.|.l,i. emulsion. 1.4.1 Latent Imajie. A latent image is the invisible image registered on a photographic emulsion due to the reaction produced in the emulsion by exposure to light. Note: This image liecomes visible after development. 1.4.2 Picture Image. A picture image is a photographically obtained likeness of any object on photographic film. 1.4.3 Sound Image. .\ sound image is a photographically obtained sound track or sound record. 1.4.4 Negative Image. A negative image is a photographic image in which the values of light and shade of the original photographed subject are represented in inverse order. Note: In a negative image, light objects of the original subject are represented by high densities and dark objects are represented by low densities. 1.4.5 Positive Image. A positive image is a photographic replica in which the values of light and shade of the original photographed subject are represented in their natural order. 1.5 Sy nehronism. Synchronism is the relation between the picture and sound films with respect either to the physical location on the film or films, or to the tiine at which corresponding picture and sound are seen and heard. 1.5.1 .Projection Synchronism. Projection synchronism is the time relation between picture and corresponding sound in a projection print. Note: Correct projection synchronism is indicated by exact coincidence of picture and sound as seen and heard. To attain this result, it is necessary to place the sound track 20 frames ahead of the center of the corresponding picture for 35-mm film and 26 frames ahead of the center of the corresponding picture for 16-mm film, since sound motion picture projection equipment is designed for projection synchronism with this relationship existing between the locations of the projected picture and corresponding sound. (CONTINUED ON PACE Nl NETY-EIGHT ) (^EAffl) MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION ART Animation Titles Sor "TTIotioM *?>icture '^roducerA 240 EAST 39th ST. lExinjton 2-7378 BUSINESS SCREEN MAGAZINE