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ing directly under the sun. This type of lighting, by thrusting the shadows into the picture, gives roundness and definition to the subject unobtainable by direct, or flat lighting, which is usually recommended to the amateur.
Because of this type of lighting, cross or back, and the dependence placed upon the shadows for pictorial effect the professional increases his exposure one stop, since he is now photographing for the shadows and letting the high lights take their own course.
We suppose that the photographer under discussion is using panchromatic stock with a Kl filter so he can get the clouds and he has thus reduced his aperture again one and a half stops to take care of the addition of the filter. Because of the background including several important features, the photographer will have to make some concessions as to speed in order to carry the distant landscape. If the professional has been right so far in all his deductions — which have been made in a few seconds' time — he will still have to worry about or at least consider, the length of his lens, whether 1.5, 2.5, 4.5 or G.3., etc., all of which figures require a different exposure. He will also give thought to the speed of his camera which is governed by the number of degrees of his shutter as well as the speed at which he cranks.
By this time the amateur photographer who has attempted to follow these hypothetical deductions, in following what is supposed to be going on in the mind of the professional cameraman, has probably thrown up his hands, kicked over his camera tripod and dashed off to the nearest ice cream parlor to drown his sorrow in sarsaparilla.
However, and this with a sigh of relief, it is quite unnecessary to get all warm and exercised, because thanks again to the inventor and the manufacturer, all of these so-called sub-conscious thoughts — the professional "feel" of the strength of the light, the latitude, the altitude, time of day and year, may be eliminated, or rather reduced mechanically to such a great extent that the amateur need not worry regarding all or even
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