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A General Explanation
Some Basic Facts
The act (or art) of making pictures by means of film chemically treated is known as photography, and the apparatus employed is called a camera. Cameras may be either "still" or "motion picture" cameras, and the art of using the latter is known as cinematography. Thus we have photographers and cinematographers.
A photographer uses a (still) camera and takes still pictures — one at a time. A cinematographer uses a motion-picture camera (or cine camera), and by using a long reel of film, takes a number of pictures every second.
Any apparatus used to project a picture onto a screen is known as a projector. A "still" projector, such as the magic lantern and the film-strip projector, will project pictures one at a time and for any length of time. A motion-picture projector, using the large sequence of pictures originally made by the cinematographer, projects onto the screen at the rate of 16 or perhaps 24 pictures per second. Projection, which describes the art of using the projector, is the main subject of this book.
When you use the machine yourself, you are an operator, but if it is your profession you may be called a projectionist. The cinema owner, or manager, is known as a film exhibitor, which describes a person skilled in the arts of both projection and showmanship. Exhibitors who manage mobile cinemas, such as those which tour the village halls, are known as road-showmen.
Companies which make motion pictures are known either as producers or as production companies. Those which "rent" their films to the cinemas are called renters, but they may also rent their films to other companies whose chief activity is the distribution of films. The distributors, in turn, may also send the films to many other centres throughout the country, and
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