Cine-film projection : a practical manual for users of all types of 16-mm. (1952)

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We have already mentioned that the film must be looped above and below the gate in order to isolate the intermittent motion of the film from the remainder which runs at an even speed. Note that where a cross-movement is employed the bottom loop is formed after the intermittent sprocket — not before or above it. (See Fig. 5). 8-PICTURE GENEVA CROSS An 8-picture Geneva Cross (Octomotive) movement which drives an intermittent sprocket handling 8 frames per complete revolution of the cross. Cooling Systems Projectors fitted with lamps of high wattage need some form of forced cooling, and for this purpose various forms of fans or rotors are employed. Besides cooling the lamp, blasts of air may also be directed at the aperture to reduce gate temperature, and the air intake may be positioned below the projector so as to cool the amplifier as well. It is very important that the operator knows the position of the air intake, for there he will probably find the largest accumulation of dust and dirt! This can easily be cleaned, of course, by using a soft brush — do it once a month, or after every 30 shows. 32