Cine-film projection : a practical manual for users of all types of 16-mm. (1952)

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but instead is gripped in their "V" shaped grooves. Many projectors are now fitted with an extremely simple mechanism providing automatic compensation for the increasing weight of the spool as it takes up the film, and this does not usually require any adjustment by the operator. The take-up must on no account be "fierce," but should be just sufficiently strong to take up the film with a uniform compactness. The Motor Electric motors supply power for actuating quite a number of parts in the projector, such as the shutter, cooling-system fan or blower, one or more sprocket-wheels, the intermittent mechanism, and the take-up, etc. In a popular model the motor is of the Universal type, and this means that it can be operated on either A.C. or D.C. (Alternating or Direct Current). Most soundprojectors, however, are fitted with a synchronous-type motor which will only function on A.C. When D.C. is the only supply available for an A.C. projector a Rotary Convertor must be used, which, as its name implies, will "convert" the D.C. to A.C. Many projectors run on a voltage considerably lower than the mains supply, and therefore include a transformer or resistance as part of the equipment. You will read more about the motor later on in the book. Reverse The reverse-switch should not be used when the projector is running at "forward," unless, of course, your instructions state otherwise. The general rule is that you must stop the motor first, and then restart the motor with the switch in the reverse position. Many projectors fitted with reverse action often "lose" the wire belt from the feed spool-arm, but this should be replaced before using the reverse switch. The reverse action should never be used to rewind a film, but only to re-show a part of the film which has just passed through the gate. This is another general rule, and does not apply to one or two new machines with a reverse specially designed for rewinding. 35