Cine-film projection : a practical manual for users of all types of 16-mm. (1952)

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3 The Sound Projector Sound Films The sound-track is printed on the film, and if you examine it closely you will see that it consists of a series of black and white shades of different intensity, or perhaps a saw-tooth pattern upon a transparent background. The former is representative of the "variable density' ' type and the latter of the "variable area" type. In reproducing sound a narrow beam of light is passed through the sound track and directed on to the photo electric cell, and as the latter reacts electrically according to the variations in the light waves directed upon it, we are presented with the phenomenon wherein light-waves are changed into electrical impulses capable of producing sound waves when fed into the loudspeaker amplifier circuit. Scanning In the scanning-system light is introduced either by means of a low-voltage lamp incorporating a single spot-filament, or by guiding it from the bottom of the film projection lamp. In the former case the small lamp is known as the exciter lamp, and in the latter case use is made of what are termed the exciter rays. The light which strikes the sound track is known as the scanning beam. It is clear-cut and of uniform intensity, and is usually produced by the passage of the light through an extremely small slit (.0004 of an inch wide) between two metal facets (Fig. 6). 38