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to be connected by a wire of low resistance to the earth or to a water pipe, for example, which leads directly to earth.
Manufacturers of equipment often supply a 3-core cable for use as a mains lead. The third wire, which should be connected to the largest (earth) pin in a 3-pin connector, is your readymade safety earth-lead. In the event of a short circuit, such as happens when a wire or component comes in contact with the projector casing, the current should be able to flow directly to earth by the nearest route. And the route should be via the earth-lead — not via the operator.
If, however, you find that your projector is supplied only with a 2-core cable or flex, you can add the earth yourself. All you need is a length of good copper wire fitted with metal clips at each end, and if the clips are also of copper so much the better. One end of the wire is attached to the projector and the other to the nearest water pipe, but do scrape away any paint or grease which might impede the current, and ensure that the clips really do make proper contact. Note that a faulty earth-lead is not an earth at all — a statement paradoxical, perhaps, but yet perfectly true.
Non-Syncs
Non-syncs are now available to match most 16-mm. equipment, but care must be taken to see that they are connected with the correct voltage supply. For instance, you must not connect the non-sync to the output side of a resistance or transformer if it is meant for a voltage similar to that of the input or mains side.
Many kinds of needles are available for the non-sync, and those advertised as having a long life and capable of playing 60 records or more are most favoured by operators. They are also the kind most likely to damage your records. If you cannot be bothered to keep changing the needle then you are advised to use a special sapphire stylus which will not require changing, but which, unfortunately, is rather expensive.
The correct methods for connecting non-syncs to the mains, etc., are described in the chapter on Exhibiting.
Microphone and Other Sound Additions
In most sound projectors there is an insert for a jackplug, by means of which either a microphone or the non-sync can be
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