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are kept in position by a piece of string, which is obviously better than sticking anything on the film itself.
Most film libraries prefer you to return the films just as they are when taken off the projector, as they rewind them themselves when examining them. However, many projectionists use their own special spools for the take-up, with the result that the films are automatically rewound when replaced on the original spools belonging to the library. But in this case the fault lies, perhaps, with the library. If they want the films returned without them being rewound then they must supply the films on spools which are in perfect order, and not so scratched or bent that the operator prefers to use his own instead. The operator could then use the library's spools during projection, except, of course, for the first reel, because this one will have to be rewound twice in order to get it the right way round for the library's checking staff.
Film Cement
Films are joined together by using a special film-cement, for non-flam films cannot be joined together with anything else. Various brands of film cement are available in the shops, and according to J. P. J. Chapman, in the "Proceedings of the B.K.S. Sub-standard Division," the ideal cement for non-flam films should consist of the following formula: — Acetone, 20 cc; Chloroform, 4 cc; Glacial Acetic Acid, 2 cc; into which should be dissolved 2in. of new 16-mm. base. The cement should be kept in a glass stoppered bottle — not metal.
Film-cement will deteriorate if exposed to the air, and the stopper should always be replaced immediately after use. The cement may also be inflammable, but this is only one of the reasons why it is inadvisable to smoke when handling films.
Splicers
There is quite a variety of splicers on the market to-day, and many may be purchased already attached to a rewinding board.
A good splicer should enable the film to be held in the correct position for joining, and there should be a cutting device and a scraper for removing the emulsion, and also a press for holding down the join until the cement has done its work. In all cases
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