Cine-film projection : a practical manual for users of all types of 16-mm. (1952)

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can then be read as they should appear on the screen then the film has been correctly rewound. Loop and Cycle Films A cycle film is an endless band of film up to 15 feet in length which is used for screening continuous repetition of some particular movement, such as the working of a piston or a movement in basket weaving, etc. A loop film is similar to a cycle film in that its ends are joined together, but it may be up to 400 feet in length and repeat any number of movements or perhaps a complete story. Both are valuable aids in education and publicity. With these films, a special apparatus known as a loop absorber may be used in conjunction with almost any kind of cine projector. Educational film libraries supply loop and cycle films on a wide range of subjects. Testing, For Damage Caused to Films To test the degree of damage caused to films by any particular projector, make a loop of new blank film 36 inches in length and run it through the projector 500 times. This is one of the standard tests for projector efficiency, but a less stringent test will quickly show how much damage is being caused to the perforations, and by scratches, etc. Usually, the damage caused to the loop after about 50 runs is quite sufficient to jar the most complacent of operators. Test-Films for Lens Definition Probably the best type of test film for proving the degree of sharpness obtainable with a given lens is that which screens an image of what appears to be a sheet of graph paper. The picture, showing nothing but a mass of very fine lines, is brought to as fine a focus as possible in the centre of the screen ; the edges of the picture may then be examined to note the degree of falling off in focus. The characteristic of soft focus at the edges of the picture depends, of course, on the quality of the lens, but because of the mere existence of this characteristic, it is important for the projectionist to aim at achieving as fine a focus as possible at 70