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flooring the latter should be covered, not only to prevent reflections from the screen and light from elsewhere, but also to prevent any possible reflection of sound from the loud-speaker. Reflected sound, of course, is echo, and any hard or smooth surface will produce it. All such surfaces must therefore be covered, especially those in front of the screen and near the loud-speaker.
The loud-speaker should be placed as near to the screen as possible and preferably half way up, to one side, and then slightly turned so that its front is square towards the opposite and far corner of the hall. It may then be tilted slightly downwards towards the centre of the audience, so as to "beam" those upper frequencies of sound which are directional, and which should not be lost if the quality of the sound is to be maintained. With a perforated screen, the speaker is placed behind, and preferably at dead centre.
If your loud-speaker has to be placed before a wall you should cover the back of the speaker or even the wall itself, as this will considerably lessen a very bad form of echo (backlash).
It is not correct to place your loud-speaker on top of a piano. The reason is that certain frequencies in sound will set the piano humming — the strings are set in vibratory motion and thus produce a new and unwanted sound, and this is something which must be avoided at all cost if you are hoping to put on a perfect show.
The position of the projector will depend on prevailing conditions, but whenever possible it should be placed as far back as it can go without resulting in a serious loss of light, which will naturally depend on the wattage of the projector lamp and the power supply.
Generally speaking, the projector should always be behind the audience, as the noise from the projector itself can be very distracting, but apart from this the operator should always try to seclude himself and his equipment. It is safer, lessens the chance of possible interference by inquisitive people, and makes for better showmanship.
Where there is a centre gangway the projector should be set up to one side of it, especially if the gangway is leading directly from the main exit. The average projector and its stand does not usually allow sufficient height for ample clearance of the
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