Cine-film projection : a practical manual for users of all types of 16-mm. (1952)

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by gently "squeezing" it to a standstill, afterwards tucking in the broken end as described above. But, the whole operation must be done very quickly to avoid the film from piling up on the floor, and this is something which should not be attempted unless you have had plenty of experience. NEVER ATTEMPT TO STOP THE TAKE-UP IF IT IS SPINDLE DRIVEN OR ANYTHING OTHER THAN BELT-DRIVEN. Failure to stop the motor at once when a break occurs may result in the film being extensively damaged, and for this reason the operator should never leave the projector when it is running. The projection light should always be doused before the last picture frame has passed through the gate, otherwise a flash of white light may appear on the screen — something never seen in the professional cinema. During projection the operator must keep an eye on the screen, chiefly to watch the framing and the focussing, for both of these often require adjustment during the showing of each spool. The steadiness of the picture must also be watched, as a jumpy picture indicates that the gate may need attention. The sound may also vary according to the condition of the print, but variations in volume should be gently counter-acted by the projectionist using the volume control, and care should be taken to prevent a burst of sound from the loud-speaker when an exceptionally good print follows one with a very poor recording level. Variations in volume and tone may change considerably, but they should not be noticed by the audience if the projectionist is doing his job properly. Examining, the Screened Picture An eye should always be kept on the screened picture throughout the whole of the performance. Here are some of the things to watch: First, the picture level in relation to the screen level. If the base of the screen is perfectly horizontal then the picture must be positioned likewise in order to avoid poor effects. The screen must therefore be solidly placed before the start of the show, and during the show the projector tilting-screws must be kept adjusted as and when necessary. If the projector has a nontheatrical framing-device, a tilting adjustment may be made each 104