Cine-film projection : a practical manual for users of all types of 16-mm. (1952)

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that you have not omitted any belt which should be attached to the spool-arm, you merely place a finger against the spool and lightly check it so that the film is pulled evenly and without being jerked. This is all very simple, of course, but consider what would happen if the film was allowed to loop off and be pulled into the projector in a series of jerks: The perforations would be torn by the first feed-sprocket, and the torn perforations might cause the bottom loop to tighten, or perhaps cause the film to ride off one of the sprocket-wheels altogether. This in turn could result in interpunching, poor sound, and an annoyed audience, plus of course, a subsequent altercation with your film librarian! Tightening of Feed-Spool Braking Device This is nearly always caused by twisting a belt which is supposed to run straight, or vice-versa. The braking (or tensioning) device can usually be adjusted by turning a screw, in some cases situated below another at the top of the feed-arm. If it cannot be correctly adjusted it should be completely loosened for the duration of the show, and if necessary the operator should gently check the feed-spool by hand. The lubrication should also be checked. No Sound This may be caused by quite a number of faults, ranging from the amplifier not switched on to a deteriorated P.E.C. Check the exciter lamp, and all connections, including those linking up with the loud-speaker. Look for defective valve (s) in the amplifier. If operating on D.C. try reversing the connector at the end of the mains cable. If the exciter lamp is working check the volume control, the lacing of the film, and attend to the cleanliness of the sound optics. See that the amplifier connections are secure, including the valve grid-clips, and that the valves are properly seated and in their correct positions. Flash your torch over the P.E.C. and listen for the speaker response. If this is correct examine the sound-track on the film. When the amplifier valves are wired "in series' ' the lot will fail if one blows, and in this case it will be quicker to change them all at once and wait until the show is over before experimenting to isolate the faulty one. 131