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RENTER: A trade term for film distributor.
RESISTANCE: The opposition offered to an electric current when passing through a circuit: an apparatus designed to resist current, and used in order to lower the voltage. A resistance may be either "fixed" or "variable," and can generally be used on both A.C. and D.C. The variable resistance is usually operated by means of a slide or one or more tapping screws, and is supplied for use with many 16 mm. projectors. A rheostat is the same thing to the Americans.
RESISTOR: In an amplifier, a small fixed resistance, used to reduce the low tension voltage supplying the valves.
SCANNING: The forward movement of the sound track in front of the exciter light, which is said to "scan" the former.
SCANNING DISC: A term (wrongly) used to indicate some part of the sound optical system. The scanning disc is chiefly used in television and radio or cable picture transmission.
SERIES WIRING: If two or more lamps are connected to each other on the same wire or side of a circuit, tbey are said to be wired in series. The failure of one lamp will therefore result in them all going out at the same time. A number of 16-m.m. sound projectors have their valves wired in series.
SINGLE PHASE: An alternating (A.C.) current of one voltage flowing through one pair of wires only.
SHUTTER: One or more blades attached to a revolving centre piece, and positioned between the light source and the aperture. The largest blade is known as the master blade, and is mechanically timed to shut off the light each time the film moves in the gate, or film channel. The other blades, if any, assist the even alternations of light necessary for clear and flickerless projection.
SHUTTER GHOST: The result of displacement of the shutter upon its apindle, and shown on the screen as a whitish blur or reflection. It is most distinct when looking at the titles, and may appear either above or below the wording — described as a top or bottom ghost respectively. (Can be "laid" with a screwdriver.)
SOUNDHEAD: That part of a projector containing the sound optics and smoothing system.
SOUND TRACK: A narrow track on one side of the film on which the sound is printed.
SOUND-SPEED: The speed of sound-film through the projector. 16-m.m. sound-film should be projected at the rate of 24 frames per second, and silent film at 16 f.p.s.
SPLICING: The act of joining two films together. The Splicer is the device used to make such joins.
STANDARD FILM: Films of certain width and other dimensions established by the Society of Motion Picture Engineers. The Society's standards are generally accepted throughout the world. There are two sizes of Standard film — 16-m.m. and 35-m.m. Other films with a smaller gauge below 35-m.m. are known as Sub-standard, a term generally used (incorrectly) when referring to 16-m.m.
SYNCHRONISATION: The correct reproduction of relative sound for the picture. Sound is printed 26 frames ahead of the picture' frame, and the length of film between aperture and scanning point must therefore remain a constant 26 frames for perfect reproduction. A greater or lesser length (often caused by the bottom film-loop being the wrong size) will put the sound "out of sync."
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