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interest relating to South Africa. Attempts are being made to trace a short film made of the late President Kruger of the Transvaal Republic. Edgar Hyman, who made several film records during the Boer War is in charge of the work of collecting these films for deposit in the new S.A. Film Archives.
The Film-Radio Commission of the S.A. Akademie vir Taal, Lettere en Kuns, a cultural society, has decided to award the Academy's medal for 1933 to C. P. Beyers in recognition of his work in connection with film-making. The Academy also recommended that the Carnegie grant for the study of film technique be awarded to Mr. Beyers. Mr. Beyers is an amateur who has made several interesting film studies of the Kruger National Park.
H. R. VAN DER POEL.
MISCELLANY
ART AND REPRODUCTION
Rudolf Arnheim, in his article, ;;Film and Radio," was " tempted to speak of ... an entirely new branch of art which might be called reproductive art''' It is a little to be regretted that he yielded to the temptation so easily. For, after all, is such a term justifiable?
Under the term "reproductive art" Arnheim includes film, photography, radio, gramophone, and sound-film. In the first place, take still photography. A photographer may proceed in either of three ways: he may take his camera about with him on chance and snap pictures on the inspiration of the moment ; or he may be struck by a subject, decide on the best conditions to take it, and then take it; or a subject may occur to him independently of anything external, which he then reproduces in reality and photographs. All these methods of approach are also known to the painter, with appropriate modifications. The painter may be suddenly struck by the pictorial possibilities of a scene and make a hasty sketch, which is elaborated at leisure; or he may find a scene which attracts him, take his easel and paint the picture on the spot; or he may make up a picture entirely out of his head, and reproduce it on canvas directly (not being under the obligation of the photographer to reproduce it first in reality, although he may get help from models). In each case there is first a mental image, and finally a picture. The photograph follows the same laws of composition as the painting, appeals to the same kind of sensibility, and can be judged by the same standards. It is true that it is bad art to make a photograph look like
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