The cinema as a graphic art : on a theory of representation in the cinema (1959)

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Ph!FiG THE COMPOSITIONAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE SHOT 1 3D. — The viewpoint is shifted to the right and nearer to the building. The right arch is differentiated from the others by disproportionate enlargement, and becomes a dominating factor in the composition. Fig. 13E. — The viewpoint is lowered. The building is thrown backward and its architectural unity is lost. A Fig. 13F. — By raising the viewpoint above the average height we get Fig 13F. The statue is thrown against the background of the columns, and the building as a whole loses its monumental quality. An illustration of the above is a man moving across the screen, with a street and houses motionless in the background. Second Example. — The viewpoint is motionless, the shot showing a static 'foreground object and dynamic background. The dynamism is conveyed by the movement of the background alone, and so it becomes the basic compositional 1 factor, and is continually changing throughout the shot. In choosing our view-point the first thing we have to consider is the change of background, and the position 1 of the new objects coming within the frame of the shot during the shooting process. An illustration is a man standing motionless in the foreground, with his back to the camera. The background is formed by a procession passing across the screen. New persons are continually coming into the shot, passing out beyond the frame limit. Third example. — With a moving-camera viewpoint, the shot shows a motionless foreground object and moving background. If the background moves in the 4i