The cinema as a graphic art : on a theory of representation in the cinema (1959)

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THE COMPOSITIONAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE SHOT re i Fig. 21. — Foreshortening construction motivated by editing factors. If the perspective of the object is so constructed that the point of convergence is also the central point of the illusory or actual horizon line, the result is an orthographic frontal construction with a central vanishing point, involving symmetrical composition. An example of symmetrical composition built up on a perspective with a central vanishing point is given in Figs. 22 and 23, taken from Hobbema's picture : " Avenue at Middleharnis ". By shifting the vanishing point to one side of the central point of the horizon, we get a side view of the object in its spatial distribution, in other words, an asymmetrical construction. If we place the vanishing point at the height of the human eye, we get a normal perspective, corresponding to the most usual conception of space. In this case the horizon line will also be at average height. But if we lower the vanishing point, and consequently shift the horizon of the image in the same 49