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THE CINEMA AS A GRAPHIC ART
FADE OUT
FADE IN
LAP DISSOLVE
PAN
IRIS
MULTIPLE EXPOSURE
A 1 WIPES ^
i
-n— It
\
X
o
Fig. 64. — Proposed symbols for technical methods.
6. Multiple exposure (super-imposition).
7. Wipes of all kinds (along the frame horizontals, frame verticals, fn
diagonals, and circular).
Fig. 65 is a table of abstract symbols for lighting equipment. Equipme for lighting from above, usually hung four to a frame, is indicated by a syml of simple graphic similarity. Standing equipment similar in construction wit reflectors of 1,000 mm., 750 mm., 600 mm., 330 mm. and 250 mm. is representee by a constant symbol, with the sole difference that the diameter of the reflecto is indicated separately by its first figure, unless of 1,000 mm. when we give th first two figures. Lens attachments, arcs, aggregates, and equipment for speck lighting are given separate symbols.
In the process of shooting the various personages the camera-man make notes of the actual lighting schemes used ; with the aid of these he can at an; time restore the system of lighting he has adopted. It is essential for him t< preserve such compositional schemes, for it frequently happens that certain shot with certain actors are taken at the beginning of the production, and those imme diately following are left until the end. If he has no memory or note of th lighting scheme utilised during the filming of the first shots, he has to work i out again during the actual process of shooting, as otherwise shots lit differenth may not fit together well in editing. In Fig. 66 we give examples of the simples method of preparing lighting charts for close-ups.
In Fig. 67 we give a table from the ' camera-man's diary ' ; this should b<, printed in the form of a standard blank to be filled in. On the left side of the table he briefly notes the number of the shot and its content according to th< production scenario. Underneath, he makes his notes on the specific features 0 the given object (character of the lighting, day or night, tone, etc.). In the top right-hand corner is given the compositional scheme. The setting of the lighting
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