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42 CINEMATOGRAPHIC ANNUAL
Dye Application In the case of the application of a dye solution to the film the treatment can be carried out according to one of the methods for which instructions are given below:
(1) With the film strip lying, emulsion side up, on a flat surface, rub the surface lengthwise with a wad of cotton soaked with the dye solution. Start each stroke at the end which is to receive the lesser time of treatment. As each frame in succession receives its full time of treatment, blot it off and guard it from further contact with the cotton wad. As treatment is discontinued on one frame after another, the swabbing stroke is thereby shortened more and more When the treatment of the whole strip is completed it should be free from spots of liquid and should not be washed but is ready for use when dried.
(2) If a large number of fades are to be made, it is preferable to treat several strips at a time by lowering them at a predetermined rate into a tank or tray containing the dye solution. That end of the strip which is to be bathed for the shortest time is immersed into the bath last. When the treatment is completed, draw the strips quickly from the bath, passing them through a squeegee to remove excess liquid from the surface. The fade is ready for use as soon as it is dry.
The equipment required for this operation depends upon the method of timing and may vary from a wooden rod with hooks, to which the various strips are attached, to a completely automatic machine by which the treatment is timed and the film withdrawn and squeegeed. The elaboration of the equipment will depend on the quantity of work to be done but perfectly satisfactory results can be obtained with the simplest equipment. Methods of automatically controlling the time of treatment are discussed below:
Treatment of the Negative
The mechanical handling of the negative during the treatment is essentially similar to that of the positive but certain limitations are imposed by the nature of the processes. Both reducing solutions and developers which are used in producing negative fade-outs act upon the image at a rate which is slower than the rate of diffusion from the solution into the gelatin. The consequence of this is that when the film is removed from the bath it contains a considerable quantity of unused solution which continue to work unless prevented by prompt action. The operation must be planned, therefore, in such a way that the treatment of all portions of the fade is completed simultaneously and provision must be made for quick removal to the next bath or the wash as the case may be. Usually the action continues to a slight extent in the subsequent bathing or washing but this can be minimized by adequate agitation of the film in the bath. At any rate, the further action can be made definite and uniform by proper handling and allowance can be made for it in the determination of the time of treatment.
The following procedure assures a satisfactory fade-out when the times of treatment have been determined properly for the existing conditions.