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THE EVOLUTION OF MOTION PICTURE FILM PROCESSING APPARATUSES
Joseph A. Dubray, A.S.C. *
THE processing of motion picture films pertains fundamentally to the science of photography and to it applies the same considerations upon which is based the processing of "still" plates or films with regard to the reduction of the latent image into a visible and permanent one.
There is, however, a vast difference existing in the means devised for the physical handling of mof'on picture films as compared with ordinary photographic plate? or films.
Th2 most obvious reasons for these differences are to be found in the shape of the film itself.
A tape form film several hundred feet long, requires obviously different methods of handling than single plates, single films or short rolls of film.
No great difficulty was involved in the solution of these problems from the very beginning of motion pictures, because their solution was to be easily found in constructing appropriate racks for holding the film throughout its processing and tanks of such shapes and sizes to accommodate them with a minimum possible waste of the photographic solutions.
From the very inception of motion pictures it was found, however, that films had to be treated with particular attention as to evenness of processing and with a view to eliminate all possibilities of even the smallest'scratches, abrasions and the least accumulation of dirt which irremediably mar them and cannot be tolerated esoecially because of the fact that such imperfections are greatly magnified during projection.
This involved mostly precautionary measures and although a good deal of ingenuity had to be displayed by pioneer laboratory experts, no great difficulties were to be found in order to solve the problems involved.
It was, however, soon found that other factors were to be taken into serious consideration, factors which involved what can be termed as the mechanical characteristics of motion picture films and their behavior during and after processing.
The study of these characteristics and the discovery of means to control the errors inherent to them, involved long painstaking investigation and engaged from the very beginning the earnest attention of technical researchers. These investigations conducted at first, somewhat at random, proved in due course of time to be so essential to the advance of motion pictures and so replete with difficulties that they attracted the attention of men of science throughout the world.
Manufacturers of motion picture films and motion picture equipment, established research laboratories, whose work has steadily increased in importance and from which are brought to the attention
* Manager Technical Service Dept., Bell fc$ Howell Company.
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