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A PARALLEL OF 16 AND 35 MM. FILMS 337
This does not mean, however, that one should nurse the thought that the semi-professional users of 16 millimeter are vainly hoping to ever have a film at their disposal which will give them results equally as good as those obtained with professional films through the negative-positive process. The wheels of progress are constantly turning and both the film manufacturers and the laboratory experts will devise means through which public demand will be satisfied.
It remains to analyze the method of taking the negative on 35 millimeter film and making prints by optical reduction on 16 millimeter film. Very excellent results are obtained by this system and again the graininess characteristic of the film plays an extremely important role.
The grain of positive film is so small that it is negligible, this being partly due to the low speed of these emulsions. Now a certain object area is taken on the image area of 35 millimeter film and details are registered according to its resolving power. This large image is reduced in size on 16 millimeter positive film, the resolving power of which is vastly greater than that of the negative.
The grain of the original negative is reduced through optical printing and the negligible entity of positive grain finally insures prints in which no details are sacrificed.
Projection
Qualifying a good picture as a finished product, that is to say with regard to its appearance on the screen, its attributes are: FIRST: Good Definition. SECOND: Luminosity. THIRD: Steadiness and absence of flicker.
It is quite obvious that in order to secure good definition in projection, the original negative and prints must be sharp, and this is dependent upon the camera lens system and the accuracy and skill of the operator.
But even a perfectly sharp film could not be projected as such with a defective or ill-devised projection optical system.
The characteristics of the projection lens differ from those of a photographic lens, and opticians have devoted as much time, study and energy to the study and development of this branch of optics as to that pertaining to photographic lenses.
Needless to say that the same care which is essential for the good functioning of a photographic lens is also essential for obtaining the best possible results from a projection lens.
The flatness of field and great luminosity of modern projection lenses insure for both the 35 and the 16 millimeter films a pleasing and brilliant screen image.
The luminosity of the screen image must be considered under two different aspects for the professional 35 millimeter film, and the 16 millimeter.
In the first, each picture frame is called to stand a great amount of magnification averaging approximately four hundred times diametrically, while the average magnification of 16 millimeter film is