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CINEMATOGRAPHIC ANNUAL
the results appear as follows: yN 0.65 x yP2.00=yO 1.30. It will be seen in this case that the overall gamma is appreciably higher than 1.00 but it has been found by practice that there are not sufficient distortions rendered in the sound reproduction to prohibit this procedure being followed. It may safely be stated that sound track negatives are developed relatively close in value to those obtained in the development of picture negative and the sound positive gammas are not far removed from those stated under the section "Development of Picture Positive."
In attempting to explain the sensitometric features in sound recording the discussion was confined to the variable density method of recording. However, in making sensitometric studies for the variable area system of recording it is just as necessary to know what is happening and to plan sensitometrically as it is for variable density recordings. In the case of the variable area system, however, it is
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necessary to produce a fixed degree of density at a predetermined gamma, the variable area sound track consisting only of a solid density and clear film base. The determination of gamma, of course, is primarily for the purpose of fixing the degree of development and with which determinations it is possible to keep the development condition constant.
In arriving at the values quoted in this article a great many sensitometric measurements were necessary. Several types of emulsions were studied. Also a given type of emulsion was tested sensitometrically in many developer formulas. These tests necessitated the making of H and D strips, measurements of density, and plotting of curves.