Cinematographic annual : 1930 (1930)

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THE NATURE OP SOUND 297 This gives a wave spreading from the aperture as though it were a source of sound itself. REFRACTION Refraction or change of direction, takes place when the wave meets a new region in which the speed is different. For example, a wind may be blowing parallel to the ground and having a low speed near the ground and a high speed at greater altitudes. This will affect the speed of sound and therefore change the direction of sound as shown in Fig. 7. A similar result may come about when sound encounters air M/ /• FIGURE 7 strata or regions where the temperature is variable. Temperature affects the speed of sound in air. INTERFERENCE Two sound waves may meet at certain places in such a way that the tendency of one to produce increased pressure may be aided by the other, or neutralized by the other. In one case the result is increase of sound, in the other case decrease of sound. In general these effects vary greatly from point to point in a room. The production of interference depends greatly on wave length, so that if sounds, involving many different frequencies, arrive from two different points they may meet at a given place so that some frequencies aid while others neutralize; and at a place near by, the reverse may be true. Thus at certain spots in a room some frequencies may disappear and others be greatly