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328 CINEMATOGRAPHIC ANNUAL
an auditorium when it is used with the smallest probable audience it is to accommodate. It is good practice to design an auditorium such that this upper admissible reverberation is obtained with no audience present, and that the auditorium have the optimal time of reverberation with the most probable sized audience present.
The foregoing discussion will make it appear obvious that we have expected altogether too much from theatre and other auditoriums, where no provision is made for the amplification of sound. In a large auditorium, the loudness of a speaker's voice is at a critically low level, so that the slightest disturbance from noise, reverberation, or interfering reflections will result in unsatisfactory hearing conditions. There is, therefore, an urgent need for increasing, in some way, the loudness level of the average speaker's voice. An improvement may be expected from proper voice culture, or from suitable reflecting surfaces near the speaker, but the principal improvement is to be expected from artificial amplification of speech, as by suitable sound amplifiers. The improvement of apparatus for the reproduction and amplification of sound is progressing at a gratifying rate, and we may confidently anticipate that present and future developments in this art will make a most beneficial contribution to the problem of good hearing in large auditoriums.
It will be noted, because of the inadequate loudness of unamplified speech, that the talking picture enjoys a most significant advantage over the legitimate stage, particularly in theatres seating more than 1,000 persons. It is highly important, however, that the recording and reproducing equipment be so free from distortion that the advantage resulting from the increased loudness of the amplified sound is not overcome by the distortion introduced in the recording and reproducing processes. If highquality equipment and technique be employed throughout all of the processes of recording and reproducing, the reproduced sound in the theatre should provide ideal hearing conditions. It is not necessary to have an excess of reverberation to promote loudness. And for this reason the optimal time of reverberation in a "talkie" theatre is considerably lower than it is for the legitimate theatre. This makes for better quality of both reproduced speech and music.