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TECHNIC OF RECORDING CONTROL 415
There is one important difference between the imaginary observer in the scene and the taking of a talking picture. The real observer maintains his pickup device, namely ears, at the same distance from the scene as his lenses, that is eyes. This is not necessarily the case with the talking pictures, as the cameraman may at will, use lenses of different focal lengths, whereas the observer cannot change the focal length of his eyes beyond that amount required to accommodate focus. The use of long focus lenses by the cameraman is equivalent to a means of bringing distant action into the near foreground. When such action is brought into the near foreground by the use of the closeup, it is also necessary to pull the sound up, so that it appears to be coming from a similar distance, that is from the image on the screen.
There is one other point to be kept in mind regarding the analogy between the imaginary observer and the talking picture equipment. If a speaker in the scene walks away from the imaginary observer, he walks away from both his eyes and his ears. It is, therefore, necessary to place the microphone in the same approximate direction from the action as the camera, in order that the speaker shall approach the microphone when approaching the camera and vice versa.
In view of the above, it cannot be too strongly stressed that it is important to use one microphone only for a given camera position. Naturally if the camera position changes during the scene, the microphone position should change accordingly, so that the proper relation between the ear and eye is maintained. The insistance on this requirement on one of the early pictures made, led some humorist to call this technic "The Trail of the Lonesome Mike." It should be noted from previous paragraphs ; one microphone position only for one camera position. There are some cases involving complicated setups, where closeups and long shots are being attempted simultaneously, where more than one microphone may be legitimately in the set at one time, but only one of them should be on at any given time. The one that is on, naturally should correspond with the camera whose picture is to be used in the final cut. This use of closeup and long shot simultaneously, requires a knowledge of how the scene is going to be cut, and should, therefore, be avoided if there is any doubt about the cutting.